Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) — extreme night owls. Diagnosis, light therapy, melatonin, and treatment options.

Circadian rhythm disorders — delayed sleep phase, advanced sleep phase, shift work disorder, jet lag. Light therapy and treatments.

Sleepwalking (somnambulism) — causes, safety considerations, and treatment. Most common in children but adults affected too.

Night terrors (sleep terrors) — what they are, common in children, and management. Different from nightmares.

Sleep paralysis — REM atonia persisting into wakefulness. Causes, hallucinations, and how to manage episodes.

Insomnia medications — Z-drugs, DORAs, melatonin agonists, off-label options. Comparison of efficacy, side effects, and dependence potential.

Acute vs chronic insomnia — definitions, common causes, and how treatment differs. When short-term sleep medication is appropriate.

How to treat insomnia — CBT-I as first-line, sleep medications role, sleep hygiene, and underlying conditions to address.

CBT-I (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia) — evidence-based first-line treatment. Components, accessing, and why it beats sleep medications.

How to prepare for a sleep study — what to bring, dietary restrictions, medication considerations, and what to expect.